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Balm | | Name : | Balm | | Botanical : | Melissa officinalis | | Synonyms : | Balm mint
Bee balm
Blue balm
Cure-all
Dropsy plant
Garden balm
Honey plant
Lemon balm
Melissa
Sweet balm
| | Family : | Labiatae | | Parts Used : | Herb, leaves | | Habitat : | Common in the Mediterranean area and the Near East but is also naturalized to some places in the United States.Mostly, it is cultivated as a culinary herb, but it grows wild in fields, barnyards, old house sites, open woods, gardens and along roadsides, from Maine to Florida and west to Kansas. | | Description : | The root-stock is short, the stem square and branching, grows 1 to 2 feet high, and has at each joint pairs of broadly ovate or heart-shaped, crenate or toothed leaves which emit a fragrant lemon odour when bruised. They also have a distinct lemon taste. The flowers, white or yellowish, are in loose, small bunches from the axils of the leaves and bloom from June to October. The plant dies down in winter, but the root is perennial.
The genus Melissa is widely diffused, having representatives in Europe, Middle Asia and North America. The name is from the Greek word signifying 'bee,' indicative of the attraction the flowers have for those insects, on account of the honey they produce. | | Constituents : | Volatile oil (including citronellal), polyphenols, tannins, bitter principle, flavonoids, rosmarinic acid
Antispasmodic, calmative, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, stomachic, febrifuge, sedative, antidepressant, nervine | | Uses : | Carminative, diaphoretic and febrifuge. It induces a mild perspiration and makes a pleasant and cooling tea for feverish patients in cases of catarrh and influenza. To make the tea, pour 1 pint of boiling water upon 1 oz. of herb, infuse 15 minutes, allow to cool, then strain and drink freely. If sugar and a little lemonpeel or juice be added it makes a refreshing summer drink.
Balm is a useful herb, either alone or in combination with others. It is excellent in colds attended with fever, as it promotes perspiration .
Used with salt, it was formerly applied for the purpose of taking away wens, and had the reputation of cleansing sores and easing the pains of gout.
John Hussey, of Sydenham, who lived to the age of 116, breakfasted for fifty years on Balm tea sweetened with honey, and herb teas were the usual breakfasts of Llewelyn Prince of Glamorgan, who died in his 108th year. Carmelite water, of which Balm was the chief ingredient, was drunk daily by the Emperor Charles V. | | Dosage : | Collect the plant before or after flowering.The fresh plant is more effective than the dried.
Infusion:use 2 tsp. chopped herb or leaves to 1 cup boiling water.Drink warm, as required.
Cold extract:use 2 tbsp. per cup of cold water; let stand 8 hours.
Extract:mix 1/2 to 1 tsp. of extract in 1 cup water, take up to 3 times daily.
Use the dried herb to make tea, or drink 1 cup of packaged tea daily.
Tincture:the dose is 1/2 to 1 tsp.
Powder:take 10-40 grains at a time. | | Myths : | The great Paracelsus called this herb the elixir of life, and combined it with carbonate of potash in a mixture known as Primum Ens Melissae.It is recorded that one of Louis XIV's physicians, Lesebure, tried this out on an elderly chicken, which within a few days lost its tattered plumage, grew fresh feathers and started to lay eggs again.He had earlier tried it, with equally dramatic results, on two old servants, but did not complete the experiment.Another of Paracelsus's elixirs, the Primum Ens Sanquinis, contained human blood and Alcahest, a universal medicine based on caustic lime, alcohol and carbonate of potash.
Eau de Carmes, a fashionable 17th century perfume, was a distillation of balm leaves and spirits of wine, to which were added lemon peel, nutmeg, cloves and cinnamon.Balm oil is still a favorite scent throughout the Middle East.The botanical name melissa is from the Greek word for honey.Bees are particularly fond of this plant.Among the ancient Greeks it was a practice to place sprigs of balm in bee hives to attract a swarm.
John Hussey of Sydenham, England, who lived to the age of 116, breakfasted for 50 years on balm tea sweetened with honey, and the herb teas were the usual breakfasts of Llewelyn, Prince of Glamorgan, who lived to 108.Other amazing powers of longevity have been ascribed to lemon balm.
Balm and bees have been linked since ancient times.Melissa comes from the Greek for 'honey bee', and lemon balm has the same healing and tonic properties as honey and royal jelly.Gerard said the the herb 'comforteth the hart and driveth away all sadnesse,' and it was a favorite in medieval 'elixirs of youth;' the alchemist Paracelsus made a preparation called primum ens melissae, and even in the 18th century, it was still thought to 'renew youth.'
Originally grown in the Orient, Arab traders introduced this herb to Spain.It was later brought to Germany by Benedictine monks.Still popular in Europe, lemon balm is now grown in parts of the United States.The famous 17th century herbalist Culpeper thought so highly of lemon balm that he wrote, 'Let a syrup made with the juice of it and sugar...be kept in every gentle woman's house to relieve the neighbours.'
Essential oil: the concentrated essence of lemon balm has the same properties as the leaves but is far more potent; a few drops make an excellent antidote to depression.Pure essential oil is difficult to obtain commercially; it is often adulterated with lemon or lemongrass oils. | | Sold : | Sold in commercial antiviral preparations in Germany.This herb is widely available in tea, dried herb, and extract. |
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