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Pomegranate | | Name : | Pomegranate | | Botanical : | Punica granatum | | Synonyms : | An-shih-liu(Chinese name)
Dadima(Sanskrit name)
| | Family : | Lythraceae | | Parts Used : | Seeds, rind of the fruit, fruit, rootbark | | Habitat : | Grows wild as a shrub in its native southern Asia and in hot areasof the world. Under cultivation, it is trained to a tree of up to20 feet, being grown in Asia, the Mediterranean region, South America,and the southern states of the United States. Grown in greenhousesin cooler climates. | | Description : | It is a small tree, not more than 15 feet high, with pale, brownish bark. The buds and young shoots are red, the leaves opposite, lanceolate, entire, thick, glossy and almost evergreen. The flowers are large and solitary, the crimson petals alternating with the lobes of the calyx. The fruit is the size of an orange, having a thick, reddish-yellow rind, an acid pulp, and large quantities of seeds.
The dried root bark is found in quills 3 to 4 inches long. It is yellowish-grey and wrinkled outside, the inner bark being smooth and yellow. It has a short fracture, little odour and a slightly astringent taste.
The rind of the fruit is in curved, brittle fragments, rough and yellowish-brown outside, paler and pitted within. It is called Malicorium.
The fruit is used for dessert, and in the East the juice is included in cooling drinks.
The flowers yield a red dye, and with leaves and seeds were used by the Ancients as astringent medicines and to remove worms.
The Pomegranate is mentioned in the Papyrus Ebers.
It is still used by the Jews in some ceremonials, and as a design has been used in architecture and needlework from the earliest times. It formed part of the decoration of the pillars of King Solomon's Temple, and was embroidered on the hem of the High-Priest's ephod.
There are three kinds of Pomegranates: one very sour, the juice of which is used instead of verjuice, or unripe grape juice; the other two moderately sweet or very sweet. These are (in Syria) eaten as dessert after being cut open, seeded, strewn with sugar and sprinkled with rosewater. A wine is extracted from the fruits, and the seeds are used in syrups and conserves.
The bark is used in tanning and dyeing giving the yellow hue to Morocco leather.
The barks of three wild Pomegranates are said to be used in Java: the red-flowered merah, the white-flowered poetih, and the black-flowered hitam. | | Constituents : | The chief constituent of the bark (about 22 per cent) is called punicotannic acid. It also contains gallic acid, mannite, and four alkaloids, Pelletierine, Methyl-Pelletierine, Pseudo-Pelletierine, and IsoPelletierine.
The liquid pelletierine boils at 125 degrees C., and is soluble in water, alcohol, ether and chloroform.
The drug probably deteriorates with age.
The rind contains tannic acid, sugar and gum.
Pelletierine Tannate is a mixture of the tannates of the alkaloids obtained from the bark of the root and stem, and represents the taenicidal properties. | | Uses : | The seeds are demulcent. The fruit is a mild astringent and refrigerant in some fevers, and especially in biliousness, and the bark is used to remove tapeworm.
In India the rind is used in diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, often combined with opium.
It is used as an injection in leucorrhoea, as a gargle in sore throat in its early stages, and in powder for intermittent fevers. The flowers have similar properties.
As a taenicide a decoction of the bark may be made by boiling down to a pint 2 OZ. of bark that has been macerated in spirits of water for twenty-four hours, and given in wineglassful doses. It often causes nausea and vomiting, and possibly purging. It should be preceded by strict dieting and followed by an enema or castor oil if required.It may be necessary to repeat the dose for several days.
A hypodermic injection of the alkaloids may produce vertigo, muscular weakness and sometimes double vision.
The root-bark was recommended as a vermifuge by Celsus, Dioscorides and Pliny. It may be used fresh or dried. | | Dosage : | Of rind and flowers in powder, 20 to 30 grains. Of pelletierine tannate, 3 to 5 grains. Of rind, 1 to 2 drachms. Fluid extract, root-bark, 1/4 to 2 drachms. Decoction, B.P., 1/2 to 2 OZ. Of decoction of 4 OZ. of bark to 20 of water, 1/2 a fluid ounce. | | Safety : | Large doses of the rind can cause cramps, vomiting, and other unpleasanteffects.
Care should be taken, using this herb, if chronic constipation isa problem.
As with the other toxic anthelmintics, do not mix with alcohol, oilor fats. | | Myths : | The pomegranate, along with the peach and the citron, was one ofChina's 3 blessed fruits. To the Chinese, it was a symbol of fecundityand a prosperous future. The many seeds represented numerous maleoffspring earning fame and glory.
People of the Near East and the Greeks and Romans associated thepomegranate with fecundity also. In Greece it was involved in thestory of the goddess of agriculture, Demeter, and her daughter Persephone.When Hades, the god of the underworld, kidnapped Persephone, Zeuspromised to retrieve her if Persephone had not eaten anything in theunderworld. When it was discovered that she had eaten a few seedsof a pomegranate given to her by Hades, a compromise settlement wasmade: Persephone was allowed to stay with her mother 9 months of theyear but was required to spend the remaining 3 with Hades. The storycan be seen as an allegory representing the cycle of growth, decay,and regeneration of vegetation, the time in the underworld representingthe resting period of the seed during the winter. The story of Persephonewas reenacted every year at the temple of Demeter at Eleusis nearAthens. In these rites, called the Eleusinian mysteries, the pomegranatewas considered the mystic fruit. These ceremonies were the most importantand impressive of all Greek religious celebrations and were lateradopted by the Romans.
The pomegranate is compared to the joys of a beguiling lover in theSong of Solomon (4:3, 13; 6:11). | | Sold : | Pomegranate fruit |
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